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Harz granite
Harz granite ((ドイツ語:Harzer Granit)) is found in the Harz Mountains of central Germany. It may be divided into five types, all of which were widely used as natural stone: Knaupsholz granite, Birkenkopf granite, Wurmberg granite, Königskopf granite and Ilsestein granite. The first three granites were widely used in North Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands and, later, also in East Germany. Knaupsholz granite was ''"for a long time one of the most important types of cut stone in the former GDR"''.〔Müller, Friedrich (1991). ''Der Knaupsholz-Granit aus dem Harz'', in: ''Naturstein 1991'' (Available online ) at www.baufachinformation.de, accessed on 26 July 2009〕
In 2009 only Knaupsholz granite was still being quarried.
== Geology ==
The granitic plutons of the Harz Mountains - the Brocken, Ramberg and Oker plutons〔Franke, Dietrich. (''Regionale Geologie von Ostdeutschland'' ) at regionalgeologie-ost.de. Accessed on 12 Dec 2010.〕 - were formed at the end of the Harz mountain building period (the Hercynian orogeny) during the Late Carboniferous about 300 million years ago. These natural stones were formed when large magma intrusions in the Brocken granite massif solidified at different cooling and crystallization rates into several differently coloured granites. The Harz granites are part of the Brocken granite complex, which is the largest granite complex in the Harz with an area of .〔(TU Clausthal-Zellerfeld: ''Die geologisch/strukturellen Einheiten des Harzes'' ), accessed on 26 July 2009〕 The Harzburg gabbro-norite intrusion forms part of this complex, but has a primary chemistry similar to an island-arc tholeiite, although it shows the effects of large scale assimilation of crustal rocks.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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